I’m a senior research scientist at Offchain Labs. I mostly work on efficient zero-knowledge proof systems, their building blocks, their foundations and their applications. My interest is in cryptography at large.
I previously worked as a research scientist at Matter Labs and Protocol Labs and as a post-doctoral researcher at Aarhus University with Claudio Orlandi (2020-2021) and at the IMDEA Software Institute with Dario Fiore (2018-2020).
While at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), I worked with Rosario Gennaro; in 2018 both Rosario and CUNY made the careless blunder of giving me a PhD.
Research
My work has appearead at top- and high-rank cryptographic conferences. For a full list of publications, see my Google Scholar page. Below you can find my work organized by question/topic rather than year/conference.
In some of my latest projects I worked on problems as:
SNARKs (and related primitives)
- How to build efficient SNARKs for integers? [paper] [slides]
- How can we best combine techniques from fast proof schemes (e.g., Spartan) with those from extremely succinct proofs (e.g., Groth16) obtaining a small (universal) setup? [Testudo paper] [Testudo blog post]
- What are the efficiency tradeoffs of SNARKs with a single (universal) setup? [Lunar paper] [Anaïs Querol’s slides] [Lunar code]
- Can we construct efficient commit-and-prove SNARKs (SNARKs over committed inputs) with a single (universal) setup? [Lunar paper] [ECLIPSE paper] [Lunar&ECLIPSE slides]
- Can we design and compose specialized SNARKs efficiently and simply? [LegoSNARK paper] [slides] [LegoSNARK code]
- How much can we decentralize authenticated data structures? [paper]
- How can we prove set-membership efficiently and privately (applications to whitelisting, anonymous cryptocurrencies, etc.)? [paper] (see also Veksel and Curve Trees below)
- How can we prove batch set-membership succinctly and efficiently compose it with other SNARKs? [HARiSA paper] [Talk by Dario Fiore]
- Can we construct linear-map vector commitments from already deployed setups? How to make them maintainable generically? How to use them? [paper]
- Can we extend existing lookup arguments so to apply them efficiently to zero-knowledge for machine learning? [paper]
- How to construct simple verifiable DBs not relying on general-purpose SNARKs? [some old blog post on Tavlloid] [qedb paper] [qedb slides]
- What do we know on how to build lookup arguments? [paper]
Witness-Encryption-like Primitives
- Encryption to the Future: How can we emulate WE to pass state long-term in decentralized networks? [paper]
- How to simply approximate witness encryption through witness-authenticated key exchange? [paper]
- How to marry witness encryption and succinct functional commitments for fun and (theoretical&practical) profit? [paper] [slides]
On Theory for Cryptographic Proofs
- Are zkVMs non-malleable? [paper]
- How to use and design polynomial commitments with sublinear opening time? How to prove relations in sublinear time? [paper]
- What are theoretical limits for extractable arguments with nice composability features? [paper] [slides]
- What role does the programmability of the random oracle play in the above? [paper]
- How much can we push designated-verifier primitives to achieve some level of public-verifiability? [paper]
- How to use obfuscation to compile designated-verifier primitives into publically verifiable ones? And can we compile other primitives in a similar manner? [paper]
Efficient Proofs in Cryptocurrencies (and Beyond)
- Can we go beyond Merkle Trees for fast, transparent, succinct zero-knowledge proofs of set membership? [Curve Trees paper] [Slides USENIX talk] [Curve Trees code] [Curve Forests paper] [Slides FC25]
- How can we obtain efficient anonymous payments from well-studied assumptions? [Veksel paper] [Veksel code]
- How (not) to pay for digital goods and services on Bitcoin? [paper]
- How to construct Zero-Knowledge on Homomorphic commitments to KV maps (a “Z-KeyWee”, or Z🥝) and how to use them for anonymous cryptocurrencies? [paper]
Proofs of Space
- How to apply (non-trivially) polynomial evaluation techniques to make decentralized storage more scalable? [paper]
Rationality and Fine-Grained Cryptography
- Is expressive, efficient “higher” crypto (e.g. MPC, FHE, VC) possible without cryptographic assumptions (at the cost of being secure against “weaker” adversaries)? [paper]
- How to design protocols for verifiable computation when a server is economically incentivized (and with no cryptographic assumptions)? [thesis] [Sequential composability paper] [Space bounded computation paper]
- How to make verifiable computation based on rational assumptions as efficient as modern SNARKs? And how to define “extractability” in the rational setting? [paper]
- If I apply the Fiat-Shamir transform to make a rational protocol non-interactive does it stay secu…? Nope! [paper]
ZK Standards
Commit-and-Prove
I was co-chair of the working group leading the effort to standardize (commit/encrypt)-and-prove in zero-knowledge proofs. Some resources:
- A proposal for the standardization of the notion of commit-and-prove (as well as encrypt-and-prove) accepted at the 4th ZKProof Workshop.
- Slides on commit-and-prove used at the 2nd ZKProof Workshop.
Comparing ZKPs
- A proposal for approaching the comparison of ZKPs accepted at the 6th ZKProof Workshop.
Teaching
- Seminar @ Aaarhus University: Techniques for Efficient ZK Arguments (Fall 2021)
- Seminar @ Hanyang University, Seoul: Techniques for Efficient Non-Interactive Probabilist Proofs (February ‘20) [some of the material]
- Discrete Mathematical Structures @ The City College of New York (Spring 2016)
Students I Officially Supervised
- Agni Datta (current), M.Sc. Student @ Vellore Institute of Technology
- Hamidreza Khoshakhlagh, PhD Student @ Aarhus University (graduated in 2022)
- Luigi Russo, PhD Student @ Sorbonne & EURECOM (supervised during Luigi’s internship at Matter Labs in Summer ‘24)
Program Committees
- Usenix Security 2026
- Financial Cryptography in Rome 2025 (FCiR25)
- ACM CCS 2025
- Eurocrypt 2025
- ACM CCS 2024
- Asiacrypt 2023
- ACM CCS 2023
- CIFRIS 2023
- ACNS 2023
- ACNS 2022
- ICSP 2021